C – Case control statements.

The statements which are used to execute only specific block of statements in a series of blocks are called case control statements.

There are 4 types of case control statements in C language. They are,

1. switch
2. break
3. continue
4. goto

1. switch case statement in C:

• Switch case statements are used to execute only specific case statements based on the switch expression.
• Below is the syntax for switch case statement.

switch (expression)
{
         case label1:   statements;
                                break;
         case label2:   statements;
                                break;
         default:          statements;
                                break;
}

Example program for switch..case statement in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()
{
   int value = 3;

   switch(value)
   {
   case 1:
      printf("Value is 1 \n" );
      break;
   case 2:
      printf("Value is 2 \n" );
      break;   
   case 3:
      printf("Value is 3 \n" );
      break;
   case 4:
      printf("Value is 4 \n" );
      break;
   default :
      printf("Value is other than 1,2,3,4 \n" );
   }

   return 0;
}

Output:

Value is 3

2. break statement in C:

• Break statement is used to terminate the while loops, switch case loops and for loops from the subsequent execution.
• Syntax: break;

Example program for break statement in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  int i;

  for(i=0;i<10;i++)
  {
      if(i==5)
      {
          printf("\nComing out of for loop when i = 5");
    break;
      }
      printf("%d ",i);
  }    

}

Output:

0 1 2 3 4 Coming out of for loop when i = 5

3. Continue statement in C:

• Continue statement is used to continue the next iteration of for loop, while loop and do-while loops.  So, the remaining statements are skipped within the loop for that particular iteration.
• Syntax : continue;

Example program for continue statement in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  int i;

  for(i=0;i<10;i++)
  {
      if(i==5 || i==6)
      {
          printf("\nSkipping %d from display using " \
                 "continue statement \n",i);
    continue;
      }
      printf("%d ",i);
  }    

}

Output:

0 1 2 3 4 Skipping 5 from display using continue statement Skipping 6 from display using continue statement 7 8 9

4. goto statement in C:

• goto statements is used to transfer the normal flow of a program to the specified label in the program.
• Below is the syntax for goto statement in C.

{
         …….
         go to label;
         …….
         …….
         LABEL:
         statements;
}

Example program for goto statement in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  int i;

  for(i=0;i<10;i++)
  {
      if(i==5)
      {
          printf("\nWe are using goto statement when i = 5");
          goto HAI;
      }
      printf("%d ",i);
  }    

HAI : printf("\nNow, we are inside label name \"hai\" \n");

}

 Output:

0 1 2 3 4 We are using goto statement when i = 5 Now, we are inside label name “hai”